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Malaria: Parasite or virus? Part 2

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  So what are you thinking? Given that malaria appears to be more of a lifelong, chronic disease, the virus theory lends itself nicely; a virus could be both acute and/or chronic, whereas the unicellular parasite is identified with acute symptomology, rather than chronic, or recurrent symptoms. Many viruses, whose  genetic information is not integrated into the host DNA, may lie dormant in tissues for long periods of time without causing much, if any, tissue damage. Viral infection does not always result in cell death or tissue injury; in fact, most viruses lie dormant in tissue without ever causing pathological effects, or they do so only under other provocations, such as trauma, another infection, emotional stress, menstruation, various illnesses and environmental factors. Plant RNA viruses must rely on insects with a proboscis to get them into a host cell; they do not ordinarily multiply in the insect but simply reside on its proboscis. Anopheles vectors of human malaria in...

Malaria: Parasite or virus? Part 1

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  Malaria: parasite or virus?  The first historical reports of symptoms that match those of malaria date back to the ancient Egyptians (around 1550 B.C.) and the ancient Greeks (around 413 B.C.). These early descriptions noted the association between fevers and wet ground. The first records of the word malaria come from around 1730. It is a contraction of the Italian “mala aria”, meaning “ bad air .” People once thought malaria was caused by poisonous air, the mal'aria associated with marshes and swamps.  Alphonse Laveran, a French army doctor, described the malarial parasite in 1880 and proposed that it caused malaria. But it was a British physician, Sir Ronald Ross, who was working in India in 1897 when he observed the development of oocysts in mosquitoes that had been fed on infected individuals. Ross's description of the complete life cycle of the malarial parasite won him the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1902.  How does a mosquito become infected? When a mosqui...